Mines Action Canada Competition

Time line:
• 30 September 1999; Deadline for registration (postmark)
• 30 November 1999; Deadline for preliminary proposals
• January 2000; Acceptance of preliminary proposals announced
• 1 May 2000; Deadline for final research papers (postmark)
• June 2000 Winners announced
Prizes
• First Prize (one to be awarded) $5000
• Second Prize (two to be awarded) $2500
• Third Prize (four to be awarded) $1000

• Mines Action Canadas Background Reading
• Deminer's Needs, from the University of Western Australia (Practical)
• Also from the same source, Mines and Minefields -- Defining the Problem. (Practical))
• The concepts were succinctly stated by S Salter in "Researchers vs. Practicality and Deminers" (Conf. Rept)
• " It is slow and expensive to transport heavy equipment over bad or non-existent roads, especially if containers are shipped to the wrong port. Spare parts are hard to get, so reliability is crucial. Because of this there is a strong prejudice against sophisticated designs. Vegetation is a continuous problem for all demining work. Local politicians see maximizing local employment as being much m http://electrochem.cwru.edu/estir/inet.htm#sear ore important than getting rid of mines. The well-intentioned insistence by the United Nations on salaries for deminers at several times the local rate distorts the labour market in that demining can become the biggest and most lucrative industry. Thus most workers want the project to continue indefinitely."

Libraries

• University of Ottawa Library:  telnet   lib.uottawa.ca    Type:  orbis     login:  pubmrt

A complete search terminal is avaliable in the MacOdrum Library.
• Search Ontraio Libraries.  http//library/usask.ca/hytel/ca0/ON.html  They will often give a telnet address and instructions. I found it better to get out of the browser to telnet.
• The NRC library CISTI, http://www.cisti.nrc.ca/cisti/   or  more direct  http://cat.cisti.nrc.ca/search

Carleton  students may obtain CISTI material through interlibrary loan in the MacOdrum Library.

Using the Internet for Landmine Projects

Geophysics on the Internet: Tells how to find resources on the internet, not specifically for geophysics.
 
James Madison University Site Map.  Good example of how to build a site map when people are trying to find something, not just admire the art work.
They also have an on-line Demining Magazine which is worth checking. It seems to have been renamed?
 
A large list of search services is given at http://electrochem.cwru.edu/estir/inet.htm#sear
 
------------------------

General Summaries

The US Department of Defense has a technology catalog which overviews their (mostly high-tech) tools (Summary)

See also:
  Mine detection technologies summaries.
  Mine search and/or destroy robot summaries.

Who's who
Lists organizations involved in solving the global landmine problem, especially university research centres.

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Mine Construction

John Walker describes eight types with pictures. Common anti-personnel mines. (Mines)

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Related topics

Mine Detection Technologies

Summaries

1. Ph. Machler, "Detection Technologies for Anti-Personnel Mines," A Brief Summary of several methods, usually with references. (Sensors Survey)
2. Gros & Bruschini, "Sensor Technologies for the Detection of Antipersonnel mines. A survey of current research and system developments," ISMCR'96. (Sensor Survey)
3. Bruschini & Gros, "A Survey of Current Sensor Technology Research for the Detection of Land mines", SusDem '97. (Sensor Survey)

Bruschini & Gros, "A Survey of Research on Sensor Technology for Landmine Detection," Journal of Humanitarian Demining; Surveys research on landmine sensor technology in more detail than most. (Sensor Survey)

Home page for Subsurface Geotechnical:
    Gives no technical details, but tells roughly what applications are handled by each method. Methods include ground resistance, magnetometer measurements, and ground-penetrating radar.
 
 

Detection Methods

Prodding the Ground
    Prodding by hand is presently the only way that guarantees an exhaustive detection of any landmine.
Ground Conductivity

Mechanical
    Clearing mine fields by modified tanks, trucks and tractors.

Acoustics and Acoustic Imaging

Photoacoustic Spectroscopy
    Pulsing a laser in air causes molecules in the air to heat and cool. This cycling causes an acoustic wave the energy and spectrum of which can identify the molecules. Jaycor has a project in this area. [Brief Mention]

Thermal Imaging, IR.
    Buried mines have a different density than the surrounding ground - thus retaining or dissipating heat at a different rate. These temperature differentials can be seen at seen at dawn and dusk.

Plant indicators
    A not yet explored idea to find buried mines is to breed plants sensitive to the presence of TNT in the soil. [Brief Summary]

Odor sensor
    Dogs are used to find mines. They are good for finding isolated mines, or whether a field is mined.
Cal Tech is working on an artificial nose. [Brief Mention]

Antibodies and Genetically Engineered Biosensors
    Antibodies are very selective to other molecules. Could they be made sensitive to TNT? [Brief Summary] Some people even talk about genetically engineered cockroaches.
In Sweden, Bofors Applied Technology used a quartz crystal covered with antibodies. When TNT binds to the antibodies, the crystal frequency changes [Brief Mention]

Forced reaction of TNT by Laser
 Light energy triggers the explosive reaction of the TNT molecule. The heat increase can then by detected. The IBM research lab in Switzerland has found a new type of temperature sensor based on the deformation of nano-technology cantilever beams. [Brief Summary] Barringer Technologies is usin g this for mine detection. [Brief Mention]

Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS)
    IMS separates ionized molecular compounds on the basis of their transition times when subjected to an electric field in a tube. This time is then compared to stored transition times of known compounds. Therefore it is possible to distinguish TNT from other molecules. This technique is fast. [Brief Summary]

Ion-Trap Mass Spectrometry
    Molecular ions corresponding to explosives are excited to dissociate into fragments. Negative ions are attracted by a potential and fall into traps according to mass and charge. [Brief Mention]

Reversal Electron Attachment Detector
    When high electronegative groups like NO2 are hit by low energy electrons the electrons attach efficiently. A detector using this is being developed at NASA's JPL. [Brief Mention]

Impulse Radar or Microwave
    The measure of the resonance frequencies of the ground to a radar impulse depends on buried objects. At frequencies whose wavelengths are comparable to the overall size of the object, the smaller details of the structure are irrelevant, making it possible to easily identify the general shape and the material properties of a body.  [Brief Summary]
Jaycore describes its radar system that excites the self-resonant frequencies of targets.

Surface-Penetrating Radar

Thermal Neutron Excitation
    Slow (thermal) neutrons activate nitrogen and chlorine and cause them to emit gamma rays of known spectra.
Science Applications International and DREO have developed prototypes. [Brief Mention]

Nuclear Quadrapole Resonance
    Probing Nitrogen-14 with certain radio frequencies will give characteristic signals in the same way an NMR scan in a hospital does. Quantum Magnetics is developing detectors. [Brief Mention]
J. Humanitarian Demining devotes 2  pages to NQRs in its survey and gives several journal references.

X-ray Tomography
    In X-ray tomography, the emitted radiation, either in the form of neutrons or gamma rays, is designed to react with different elemental components of the object of interest to produce a reaction particular to the specific detector application.  [Brief Summary], [Mention]
Dowsing
     Draw your own conclusions  [Unmonitored Reference]

Battery Chargers
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Metal Detection

•  Marconi has combined GPR and metal detection in a handheld unit. (Product)
• Specs on Quartel (British) MD4, MD8, and MD2000 commercial detectors. (Metal Det Com)
•  GDE Systems
•  MIMID  miniature mine detector made by Schiebel (Metal Det Com). This is also described in
• the US Dept of defense's Humanitarian Demining Developmental Technologies 1998  (printed)
• Metal detector forum. Mainly comments from people using commercial machines for treasure hunting.
• National Groundwater Association has a list of companies that sell metal detectors both ferrous and non ferrous

• Pilot Test Site Auburn University

Auburn University collected test data using the time-domain EM sensor in the Scheibel PSS-12 mine detector. The PSS-12 is a light weight, hand held, metallic mine detector capable of detecting very small metallic objects such as small firing pins in plastic and wooden mines. It is also capable of detecting mines in fresh or salt water, and objects buried up to 20 inches in the ground.  (Metal Det)

• DeTeC (Demining Technology Center)

For a short internal paragraph on the current use of Metal Detectors in Humanitarian Demining (printed)
• C. Bruschini, "Metal Detectors in Civil Engineering and Humanitarian Demining", Struct Engin '98 (Metal Det)

http://diwww.epfl.ch/w3lami/detec/

• About pulse induction metal detectors; posted by Protovale for detecting re-bars in concrete but a good tutorial. Their Application Note T23 also tells about problems with magnetic soils. (Metal Det)
• Mark Rowan & William Lahr have an excellent article on "How Metal Detectors Work." Two sources are 1;2; "1" seems to have pictures that "2" does not. (Metal Det)
• Ultramag gives some background on proton magnetometers.
• PROTON PRECESSION Novice Explanation
•  OVERHAUSER EFFECT Novice Explanation
• Metal Loactor Design theory from Ambit; see Circuits.

 
• US Army1, 2, 3, 4 summary. Contains a paragraph about the types of magnetometers and gradiometers most often used to detect buried munitions:

Fluxgate Magnetometers, Proton Precession Magnetometers, Optically Pumped Atomic Magnetometers.
Conductivity meters do not respond to magnetic materials and are grouped as frequency domain or time domain.It also mentions and GPRadar. (Metal Det)
• Ecole Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne

Improved scanning metal detector proposal. While moving a metal detector over the ground one can build a 2D image of the signal, related to the content of the ground. Fusing that image with the of the results provided by a GPR (ground penetrating radar), odor sensor, etc. will provide reliable information on the presence of mines. (printed)
• EPFL, system continued. GPR and Metal Detector fused into a portable System. (printed)
• More fully expanded in; C. Bruschini et al, "Ground PenetratingRadar and Induction Coil Sensor Imaging for Antipersonnel Mines detection," (Grd Pent Radar)
• Returning an image from a metal detector. Scanning is mentioned in DeTeC survey by Bernard Gross

• Ohmslaw's circuit for a metal detector, no description.
• List of metal detector patents
• Build your own metal detector

Beat Frequency Oscillator detector.  Pulse-induction detector mentioned but not yet available.
•  GoldPic 3 pulse induction metal detector avaliable as a kit for US42 from South Africa.(Metal Det Cir)

 
•  Geotech has copies of magazine articles, theory and links. (metal det,
• The Coinshooter from Popular Electronics, August 1981
• The Magnum from1980 Practical Electronics. A VLF design with ground balance and a TR discriminate mode.
• The Phaser from 1988 Practical Electronics. A phase-type VLF detector with a very simple coil configuration. It is a TR (Transmit Receive) detector that is not induction balance!
• The  Two-Box Deep Seeking Metal Detector from Solid State Electronics Projects by Charles Rakes.
• The Pulse-Induction Metal Detector from 1980 Wireless World. It also gives good explainations.
• The ProScan Pulse-Induction Metal Detector from 1994 Everyday Practical Electronics. It uses a PIC microcontroller.
• Metal Locator Design.  A comprehensive analysis and survey of  metal locator techniques and principles.  Published from the results and reports of AMBIT International. (Metal Det Theory)
• The same site proposes the Radiometer Ferret. a proposed design for an advanced Field /Phase metal Detector.(Metal Det Circuit)
• This site claims to sells plans for a low-cost proton magnetometer for $40 US.
• Dconn (UK) sells magnetic sensors

Books

1.       Andrew Palmer, The  Metal Detector Book, avaliable in the Ottawa bubllic library.

Prods, Visors, Shields

• Demining research at the Univ of Western Australia tends to be very practical. The head link to their tools shows their work on prods, visors. (Prod) as well as water jets, saws, training mines . . .

Deminer's Needs, also from Univ. of Western Australia, Attempts to define the operational needs of individual deminers clearing minefields in different countries, and how these needs are being met now. It tells about trip wires, problems with data fusing, chain saws etc.

• Some U of Alberta design projects with multiple prods, plastic detecting prods, and others. (Prods)

 
• Ground probing sensor.

A proposed device designed to resemble the manual probing technique.
The sensing device consists of one or more independently actuated linear modules with 30 cm needles on the end, equipped with position, speed and force feedback using an incremental encoder and microswitches.
A prototype device was attached to a mobile robot in Croatia. (Prods)

• DEW engineering has developed a smart probe which will

Ground Conductivity

A conductivity devise to measure ore thickness is mentioned in the Christian Science Monitor

Theory

• US Army12,3,4, summary. Gives a paragraph about the types of conductivity sensors used for mines:

Conductivity Meters
Frequency Domain Conductivity Meters
Time Domain Conductivity Meters
It also describes magnetometers and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). ( Metal Det)
• J. Butler has a geophysics course which describes ground sensors in particular he has a ground resistivity measurement primer which appears to be very well done. It describes how the ground layers effect potential patterns.
• Geosoft has quite a good technical summary of the Transient Electromagnetic Method (TEM) which includes equations. The method appears about the same as electromagnetic induction below. The used it to find unexploded ordinance in lake Erie. Printed in Proc.  Applic pf  Geophysics to Eng & Envr, '95 (Electrical).

Mark Everett at Texas A&M shows what electromagnetic induction is. Go down his page to "Controlled Source Electromagnetics". Also "Electrical Methods in Geophysics Research" points out it is under 10 kHz and over 1 m. A book, Prem V. Sharma 1997. Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, Cambridge, is used in their Geophysical Measurements course:- (Electrical)
• Electrical resistivity as a method of finding oil and water are mentioned here come with little technical detail.

.

• National Groundwater Association has a list of companies that build Electrical Resistivity and Electromagnetic Conductivity equipment.
• Farwest Corrosion Control has good low-priced soil resistivity measurement

• The Calgary Geophysics Library on Line is a good place to start looking for other ground resistivity measurement information. They also have a Geopysical Resource list.

 
• Case Histories in Applied Geophysics. UBC's annotated links to applications of various methods

particularly dc conductivity, surface penetrating radar, and magnetics.

Mechanical Clearance

•  Swedish Mine Fighter (SMF)  is a steel plate with closely placed hardened steel spikes fastened to it. This is commonly pushed into the ground by a back hoe. It explodes antipersonnel mines.

 
• The US Department of Defense has a technology catalog which overviews many mechanical tools.(Summary)

• In the Journal of Mines Action, "Mechanical Assistance Systems for Humanitarian Mine & UXO Clearance What really works?"  by Roger Hess describes the good points and failings of tilling devices, flail devices, roller devices, and mini flails
• Problems that must be solved to make mechanical assistance work. From Mines Action Canada.

Acoustics, Acoustic Imaging

National Center for Physical Acoustics, University of Mississippi
Dr. James Sabatier uses acoustics to find buried objects including landmines.
In a recent initial round of tests at Fort A.P. Hill near Fredericksburg, Va., a technique devised by Dr. James Sabatier detected 100 percent of the antipersonnel and antitank mines without a single false alarm. The system uses sound waves and laser beams to scan the ground's surface and identify vibrational patterns produced by buried mines.

A Jaycor commercial preproduct description using ultrasound. Done in air.

J. Humanitarian Demining devotes two pages to ultrasound in its survey and gives two references.
Horowitz P., et al, "New technological approaches to humanitarian demining," (report JSR-96-115), JASN, The MITER Corp., McLean, Virginia, Nov. 1996.

Kercel, S.W. et al. "Novel methods for detecting buried explosive devices," Proc SPIE '96,  pp.467-477.

Accoustic sensors at 25kHz are used in a Scientific American Experiment (Nothing to do with land mines). They describe how to drive the transducers and where to obtain them in  "Producing Light from a Bubble of Air," by Robert A. Hiller and Bradley P. Barber, Sci Amer., pp. 96-98, Feb. 1995.

Thermal Imaging, IR

From Sean Dorf , James VanDalen and Eric Charron

http://www.seattlerobotics.org/guide/infrared.html
describes parts, scehmatics and software for making IR detectors from old TV remotes etc.

http://www.x20.org/thermal
IR camera vendor. describes applications and some technical details.
Prices on IR cameras range from $8000 to $80,000.

http://www.infrared.com
Infra-red introduction
http//www.korins.com/maker/isis/new.html

http://www.demining.brtc.com/solut/testplan/vehicmmd.htm
Contains current landmine sensor sensitivities and ranges.

Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

Jaycor has an ultrasensitive, real-time portable device for the detection of trace compounds in the air.
Click for a good one page summary of its principle of operation (Chem. PhotoAc)

Christian Science Monitor "For Insight Into Finding Land Mines, Scientists Have Gone to the Dogs" Mentions chemical-sensitive fluorescent dyes at the end of optical fibers.
Electrical-conductivity devise that measures ore vein thickness
X-Ray scattering imager (Sniff)

http://web-ext2.darpa.mil/DSO/rd/Applied/UXO/warehouse/battelle/index.html
A Table of Bibliographies for Vapor Detection of Landmines
Get paper copy yourself I think.

Portable Chemical/Explosive Detection System
Jaycor has an ultrasensitive, real-time device for the detection of trace compounds in the air.
Also a good one-page summary of its principle of operation.

Surface-Penetrating Radar  (Ground-Penetrating Radar)

Products

• National Groundwater Association's list of companies, with contact info, that sell things for locating ground water.This includes Ground-Penetrating Radar and Geophysical Data Processing Software,

 
• Ground Penetrating Radar;  product description from the Era Technology. (Grd Pent Radar)
• http://wwwgiscogeo.com/pages/giscogpr.htm,  The Pipe Hawk system for mine location.

The home page of the Ground Penetrating Radar Group at the Unversity of Cape Town. Contains information on the development of low-cost, high-performance SFCW Ground Penetration Radars. The primary application is Landmine detection. This page includes a page:-
MineRad, A Ground Penetrating Radar for Landmine Detection (printed)

C. Bruschini et al, "Ground PenetratingRadar and Induction Coil Sensor Imaging for Antipersonnel Mines detection," Resutlts of combining the two methods. (Grd Pent Radar)
http://diwww.epfl.ch/w3lami/detec/grp96.html#ICS imaging

J. Humanitarian Demining article covers testing ground penetrating radar in Cambodia. The hard ground, 40 degree heat and false alarms changed a lot of preconceptions. Five references on detection testing including one on sandboxes. (Grd Pent Radar)

David Daniels' book, Surface-Penetrating Radar has won the Rayleigh Book Award of the Institute of Electrical Engineers, (IEE) for the most outstanding publication of the year (1997). Experts in the field have acknowledged the book as the first to cover the detection of landmines and buried weapons using radar.
http://www.iee.org.uk/publish/books/radar.html
320pp., ISBN 0 85296 862 0, 1996, 85 Pounds US$ 139; published by INSPEC, Inc
Hardcover (December 1996)
Inspec/IEE; ISBN: 0852968620
Barns and Nobel: bn.com Price: $139.00, Special Order: Ships 3-5 weeks
Chapters does not know it exists. Amazon.com says it is out of print.
$130 from FatBrain
 

PIERS 1997 Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium
July 7-11, 1997 Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
http://emlib.jpl.nasa.gov/EMLIB/PIERS97/2p5i.html
This is the big names in SPR. Only titles are on the web.
But a good source of names for further searches.

A bibliography of ground-penetrating radar papers from Ohio State, starting with:
1.  D. L. Moffatt and R. J. Puskar, ``A Subsurface Electromagnetic Pulse Radar,'' Geophysics,  June 1976.
Some of the more recent reference have links to the WWW.
 

Thermal Neutron Excitation

-------------------------------

Battery Chargers  For Demining Equipment

• "Build the fuel gauge --- a capacity indicator for your battery pack, "  J. Pivnichny, Electronics Now, Vol. 68, No. 4, pp. 58-59, 74, April 1997.
• "Batteries reborn (rechargeable batteries)," Popular Mechanics, Vol. 171, No. 1, pp. 37-39, January 1994.
• "High energy batteries," Popular Science, Vol. 242, No. 2, pp. 64-68 and 92, February 1993.
• "Energy-storage systems (batteries)," F.R. Kalhammer, Scientific American, Vol. 241,  No. 6, pp. 56-65, Dec. 1979.

 
•  Battery chemistry, general descritpion of batteries (M.M. Lerner, Oregon State University) http://www.chem.orst.edu/ch411/scbatt.htm
•  Battery information (Primarily relating to portable computer use.) http://www.computerhope.com/battery.htm
•  Car Battery Frequently Asked Questions http://nyquist.ee.ualberta.ca/~schmaus/batfaq.html

Robots, Vehicle Mounts

• Marconi has combined ground penetrating radar and metal detection IR and GPS in a mobile unit. (Product)

 
• Personal Mine Explorer (Pemex) is a two-wheeled robot built for cross-country navigation and to evaluate sensors for anti-personnel mines detection. It weighs less than 16 kg. Rechargeable batteries last 60 minutes  and give a maximum speed of 6 km/hr (printed)
• Shadow Robot Project: Mine Detecting Robot. A survivable vehicle for traversing a minefield or executing a search pattern.

Summaries

• The J. of Mines Action "Humanitarian Demining and Robotics" Y. Baudoin, et al, describe several research robots.
• MINERATS Anti-personnel Mine Clearance Robots

This area contains documents describing the Minerats project. An attempt to deploy advanced sensor and robotics for the detection and removal of anti-personnel mines.  (printed)
• It references the ZagrebWorkshop held Sept. 29-Oct. 1, 1997.  SusDem '97, an international workshop on sustainable humanitarian demining held in Zagreb, Croatia.

Proceedings of the conference are available free of charge by E-mail to
detec@epfl.ch.

Links Pages

http://www.cbc.umn.edu/~mwd/landmines.html.  Summary of landmine WWW pages

http://www.mece.ualberta.ca/landmine.html. U of Alberta links. Their obsolete URL appears on many sites.

http://www.demining.brtrc.com/Srcs.htm. US Dept National Defense humanitarian demining links.
A large list with no comments but organized as:
    Commercial Demining Companies,
    Information Resources,
    International and Non-Government Organizations,
    Research & Development (Academic, Government, International, Private),
    United Nations.

http://www.cordis.lu/esprit/src/hphdrtd.htm, ESPRIT Humanitarian Demining R&D Projects on sensors, fusing multiple sensors, and vehicle-mounted sensors (Summary ESPIRIT)

http://diwww.epfl.ch/w3lami/detec/minelinks.html. Gives EPFL links and  technical articles.
http://diwww.epfl.ch/w3lami/detec/mine10links.html. Annotated Links including a section marked technical.

http://www.hdic.jmu.edu/hdic/demining.htm. James Madison University Links

http://www.mech.uwa.edu.au/jpt/demining/links.html. Annotated links.

http://www.cfcsc.dnd.ca/links/peace/mines.html. Large bunch of links from Canadian Forces College.

http://www.uh.edu/~jbutler/geophysics/reference.html. Links for many geophysical methods. Many are the basis for mine detection. Worth following up.

http://www.demining.brtrc.com/Srcs.htm. Other sources of mine iInformation

http://www.pgs.ca/pages/ldmn0.html. Anti-Personnel Land Mine Ban Project of "Physicians for Global Survival"
Have good links to major sites, like the Livermore Labs below.!

http://www.llnl.gov/landmine/landmine_bibliography.html, Lawrence Livermore Labs commented bibliography

See also ground conductivity link pages.
 

SPI E Proceedings

• Proc. SPIE Vol. 3079, Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets II, Abinash C. Dubey; Robert L. Barnard; Ed

852 pages; 75 papers * Jul 1997 * $87 / $104 / $116 * Status: IN

• Proc. SPIE Vol. 3270, Methods for Ultrasensitive Detection, Bryan L. Fearey;

Probably not so good

• Proc. SPIE Vol. 3392,  Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets III, Abinash C. Dubey; James F. Harvey; J. Thomas Broach; Eds.

1306 pages; 122 papers * Sep 1998 * $125 / $149 / $166 * Status: IN

• Proc. SPIE Vol. 2765,  Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets, Abinash C. Dubey; Robert L. Barnard; Colin J. Lowe; John, E. McFee; Eds.

568 pages; 53 papers * May 1996 * $71 / $85 / $94 * Status: IN

• Proc. SPIE Vol. 2496,  Detection Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets, Abinash C. Dubey; Ivan Cindrich; James M. Ralston; Kelly A. Rigano; Eds.

1048 pages; 95 papers * Jun 1995 * $101 / $121 / $134 * Status: IN

Miscilaneous Disorganized References

http://www.demining.brtrc.com/problem.htm
The proliferation of landmines occurs most frequently in conflict-ravaged, lesser-developed nations,

http://www.demining.brtrc.com/catalog/contents/00_cntnt.htm
Humanitarian Demining Developmental Technologies 1998
Table of Contents Main Page Document Available in PDF Format

http://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/minerats/hackers96/
John Walkers most excellent slides source.

http://www.ei.jrc.it/landmines/landmines/publications/Wrkshoprecomm.html
Workshop on Identification of Standard Methodologies in the Context of Anti-Personnel Landmines Localisation and Identification, organized by Advanced Techniques Unit, Space Applications Institute, Joint Research Centre, European Commission 27-29 October 1997, JRC-Ispra, Italy
Summary of the Workshop recommendations and findings Compiled by S. Fantechi
Worth another look, Not printed.

http://www.ei.jrc.it/landmines/ei
Description of projects for landmine information systems.(Not printed)
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Look for GeoModel Inc. didn't get URL they dhave a ground resistivity machine I think
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Technology Database but of requirements Not much use
ttp://www.denix.osd.mil/denix/Public/News/UXOCOE/Requirements/requirements.html
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http://www.ei.jrc.it/landmines/publications/
Just maybe this gets into ISP
put 2nd-ISP-95 in "md"
----------------------------
http://www.hdic.jmu.edu/hdic/journal/2.1/index.htm
The right link to James Madison University.
This has a web-based demining magazine

http://www.dtic.mil:80/stinet/dticrev/vol2-number1.html
This is a USDofD publication
gv on suns will not read their pdf.

http://www.uh.edu/~jbutler/geophysics/reference.html
Starting point for his course. Very good

http://greenwood.cr.usgs.gov/pub/open-file-reports/ofr-95-0077/of-95-77.html
Open-File Report 95-77
A bibliography of some geophysical computer programs, databases, and maps from the U.S. Geological Survey, 1971-1994